The Death of Edgar Allan Poe

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How fitting is it that the creepiest of American writers, a guy who was Goth back when Gothic was just a literary fad, should die young in a morbid manner. That’s the subject of an article from The Smithsonian.

Poe’s death—shrouded in mystery—seems ripped directly from the pages of one of his own works. He had spent years crafting a careful image of a man inspired by adventure and fascinated with enigmas—a poet, a detective, an author, a world traveler who fought in the Greek War of Independence and was held prisoner in Russia. But though his death certificate listed the cause of death as phrenitis, or swelling of the brain, the mysterious circumstances surrounding his death have led many to speculate about the true cause of Poe’s demise. “Maybe it’s fitting that since he invented the detective story,” says Chris Semtner, curator of the Poe Museum in Richmond, Virginia, “he left us with a real-life mystery.”

Lest you stray, I would argue strongly against reading The Poe Shadow, Matthew Pearl’s novel recounting an investigator looking into this celebrated death. Pearl can’t even conjure up a plausible theory for his (non) thriller’s central event.

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Get a Job–But Get the Right Job

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Look at the larger version of this image to learn all manner of stuff about your working future.

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Literary Reputations of 1936

How many of these writers do you know?

These were the 10 authors chosen by a 1936 survey as most likely to be read in 2000. Aside from Frost and (in my opinion at least) Cather, I don’t see too many A-list writers here. At least they didn’t name Louis Bromfield.

 

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Great Writers Might Be Born, But That’s Not the Whole Story

I’m a runner–a relatively untalented runner. Yes, I’m 51 years old, so no one expects me to be super fast, but my best time for a mile to date is a rather unimpressive 7:26. I’m pretty sure I’ll never run a four-minute or five-minute mile. I suppose hitting six is possible, but I’m not laying money on it.

In reading about running, which is a great deal less sweat-inducing than actually doing it, I ran into an intriguing study of talent vs. training. This article pointed out–with statistics and graphs, so it must be correct–that no amount of training can take an untalented sprinter and make him or her outperform the talented sprinter. On the other hand, the data shows that an untalented distance runner who trains hard can hope to outperform the talented distance runner who doesn’t train hard. The image looks something like this.

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Chart 2 uses the 10k where training will cause bigger relative improvements in performance in both the talented and untalented. The key point is that given enough training the performances of at least some people with “no” talent can sometimes equal or surpass the performances of some talented individuals, especially an untrained or undertrained talented person.

I believe that writers are largely born rather than trained as well. No amount of practice at writing will transform the utterly untalented hack into a National Book Award winner. However, there is hope. Practice can take an “untalented” writer to a level beyond that of the talented writer who doesn’t put the time in. Do I have data to prove that? No, but there is plenty of anecdotal experience to suggest that it is true.

Can you become Hemingway by writing enough? No, but you can probably improve more than Hemingway did with the same amount of experience.

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The iWatch and the End of Western Civilization

“In my day, students had to write with quill pens on vellum using ink that they’d mixed themselves. For math, if you couldn’t do it on an abacus, then you were on your own.” –Professor Meriwether Q. Curmudgeon

It seems to me that with every new shift in technology, we find early enthusiasts who believe that this advance is the great master key that will, once and for all, smooth the path to student learning, usher in the millennium, and guarantee all of us a good parking spot. On the other hand, there are the eternal naysayers who believe that with this technological change, humanity will pass over the event horizon of its doom. Somehow I feel confident that somebody in Homer’s day sat back clucking at the demise of language with the scandalous advent of written vowels.

Every once in a while, I hear non-teaching friends bemoan the priorities of current elementary education. “They don’t even teach the kids to write in cursive anymore!” To this, if I bothered to open my mouth, I’d say, “So what? Who writes by hand anything more significant than a grocery list?”

A teacher’s job is not to prevent adoption of technology or police its use in most cases. A teacher’s job with regards to technology, wearable or otherwise, is to help students understand how to fit this thing into their lives effectively. That’s why math has embraced the use of calculators. Real mathematicians still know how to do arithmetic by hand, but mere mortals need to learn how to avoid making bone-headed mistakes with that calculator that we know they’re going to use. Only the most Luddite writing teacher would forbid the use of spell-check, but all of us hopefully assist students in not being lulled into a false sense of security by the absence of a red squiggle under our words.

If a student in an American Literature exam can easily discover who wrote The Scarlet Letter or pull up Nikki Giovanni verse on their watch, then my challenge is to teach them things that go beyond what Google can serve up in a moment.

 

The focus on cheating is misplaced. If I am so lazy as to create a test than can be hacked by even something as cool as this Dick Tracy technology, then perhaps I’m the one who is cheating.

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Just Too Cool–Slow-Motion Scenes from a NY Day

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The Power of Noticing; The Power of Literature

Why do I think that the study of literature is important even for people who do not have plans to be English majors or to consign themselves to permanent poverty by teaching literature? Having just read a review of The Power of Noticing by Max Bazerman, it occurs to me that what Bazerman sees as a key management and leadership mental process is exactly what good literary study attempts to develop.

Even the best of us fail to notice things, even critical and readily available information in our environment “due to the human tendency to wear blinders that focus us on a limited set of information.” This additional information, however, is essential to success and Bazerman argues that “in the future it will prove a defining quality of leadership.”

Think of learning to “notice” as the mental equivalent of lifting weights in order to become stronger. Some people lift weights in order to be able to do a heavier bench press, just as some people mull over The Scarlet Letter to write a neat article for PMLA. The majority of people, however can benefit from these activities in some other fashion.

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You Can’t Afford to Be Lazy

Hey you–yeah you with the face–you need to pay attention to this. Slacking off in school is … well, it’s pretty bad, or so says this article from Bloomberg.

American college graduates finished below the average of their peers in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s most recent Program for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies. After four years of college, the authors found, the average student rose just 18 percentile points on the Collegiate Learning Assessment—in other words, he or she knew more than 68 percent of the incoming freshmen did, instead of just half of them.

The first pie chart shows that college students spent almost three-quarters of their time sleeping or socializing.

On the other hand, if you work hard, you’re up against a field of slackers and can leave them gasping in your dust. Glass half empty; glass half full.

 

 

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Competence by Itself Is Deadly

Flannery O’Connor, a product of the Iowa Writers’ Workshop herself, had harsh or at least cautionary words about MFA programs. It’s not that O’Connor had a problem with training or competence, but her ideas in 1960 are perhaps more true today.

In the last twenty years the colleges have been emphasizing creative writing to such an extent that you almost feel that any idiot with a nickel’s worth of talent can emerge from a writing class able to write a competent story. In fact, so many people can now write competent stories that the short story as a medium is in danger of dying of competence. We want competence, but competence by itself is deadly. What is needed is the vision to go with it, and you do not get this from a writing class.

Notice that O’Connor doesn’t say that competence is deadly. Instead, “competence by itself is deadly.” Plenty of people have the vision but lack the competence. Some have the competence without the vision. May I suggest the value of combining the two?

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The Problems with Statistics

An article by Reuben Fischer-Baum points out that nobody can know, by looking at crime statistics in the U.S., exactly how many people are killed by the police each year. As surprising as that might seem, we especially do not know how many “unjustifiable” killings are committed by police each year. For all the data that the government collects, the estimate of 400 police killings per year is almost certainly incorrect.

But these estimates can be wrong. Efforts to keep track of “justifiable police homicides” are beset by systemic problems. “Nobody that knows anything about the SHR puts credence in the numbers that they call ‘justifiable homicides,’” when used as a proxy for police killings, said David Klinger, an associate professor of criminology and criminal justice at the University of Missouri who specializes in policing and the use of deadly force. And there’s no governmental effort at all to record the number of unjustifiable homicides by police. If Brown’s homicide is found to be unjustifiable, it won’t show up in these statistics.

Good writers use statistics to bolster their claims, but they also look critically at those numbers to be sure that the stats actually say what they seem to say.

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